As a loving pet parent, noticing changes in your dog's eyes can be a little scary. Cataracts are a common eye condition in dogs that may lead to vision impairment or even blindness if left untreated. In this blog, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cataracts in dogs—giving you the full picture to keep your furry friend healthy and happy.

What Are Cataracts in Dogs?

Cataracts in dogs occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque, disrupting the passage of light to the retina. This can significantly affect your dog’s vision. While the lens is usually clear and allows light to pass through, cataracts cause the lens to lose its transparency, impairing how your dog sees.

How Do Cataracts Affect Dogs?

Cataracts can range from tiny, barely noticeable spots to larger formations that completely block your dog’s vision. In some cases, cataracts may not affect vision at all, but in more severe cases, your dog could become blind. You might notice your dog bumping into objects, becoming hesitant when navigating unfamiliar places, or displaying signs of disorientation.

Common Causes of Cataracts in Dogs

Understanding the causes of cataracts can help you take proactive steps to support your dog’s eye health. Some common causes include:

• Genetics: Cataracts can be inherited from a dog’s parents, making certain breeds more susceptible. Breeds such as Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, Golden Retrievers, and Siberian Huskies often develop cataracts at a younger age compared to other breeds. Genetic testing can sometimes reveal a predisposition for cataracts.
• Age-related cataracts: Similar to humans, dogs can develop cataracts as part of the aging process. As the dog gets older, the natural proteins in the lens start to break down, leading to a cloudy appearance. Cataracts due to age often occur in dogs over 8 years old, but the timing may vary by breed and individual health.
• Diabetes mellitus: One of the most common causes of cataracts in dogs with diabetes. High blood sugar levels can alter the water balance in the lens, leading to cloudiness and cataract formation. Dogs with diabetes may develop cataracts rapidly, sometimes within weeks of being diagnosed.
• Trauma or injury: Physical trauma to the eye, such as from an accident or being hit in the face, can disrupt the structure of the lens, causing a cataract to form. This can happen immediately after the injury or develop over time, depending on the severity of the trauma.
• Inflammation: Conditions like uveitis, which causes inflammation inside the eye, can lead to cataract development. Uveitis may result from infections, autoimmune diseases, or other health issues, and if not treated, the inflammation can damage the lens.
• Toxins and medications: Long-term exposure to certain toxins or medications, such as prolonged use of corticosteroids, can contribute to cataract development. Environmental toxins or poisons that affect the eye’s health can also lead to cataract formation.

Symptoms of Cataracts in Dogs

Recognizing the signs of cataracts early can make all the difference in preserving your dog’s vision. Look out for the following symptoms:

• Cloudy or bluish-grey eyes: One of the most noticeable signs is a cloudy or hazy appearance in your dog’s eyes. The lens may develop a bluish-grey or white opacity, which becomes more apparent as the cataract progresses. This symptom may be more noticeable in well-lit areas or sunlight.
• Disorientation: Cataracts cause vision loss, and as a result, dogs may seem confused or disoriented in their environment. They may have difficulty navigating areas they previously moved through with ease, and this is especially evident in unfamiliar spaces.
• Reluctance to move: Dogs with cataracts may become hesitant or fearful of moving around. You may notice them avoiding jumping on furniture, climbing stairs, or walking in dimly lit areas. Their decreased confidence often stems from impaired vision.
• Eye redness or inflammation: Cataracts can sometimes cause irritation and discomfort, leading to visible redness in or around the eyes. This inflammation may be caused by the cataract itself or complications like secondary glaucoma or uveitis.
• Pawing at eyes: If your dog is experiencing discomfort, they might frequently paw at their eyes. This could be a response to irritation caused by the cataract or pressure build-up within the eye, indicating that the cataract may be causing additional problems.
• Increased tearing: Cataracts can lead to excess tear production as the eye tries to manage the discomfort or irritation. This is often a sign that the cataract is causing more than just vision issues, and your dog may need additional treatment to alleviate discomfort.

How Are Cataracts Diagnosed in Dogs?

Veterinarians use several tests to confirm cataracts and assess their severity:

• Ophthalmic examination: A veterinarian will perform an ophthalmic exam using special tools, such as a magnifying lens and light, to carefully examine the dog’s eyes. This helps detect the cloudiness of the lens and assess the overall health of the eye.
• Electroretinogram (ERG): This diagnostic test evaluates the function of the retina, the part of the eye that detects light. The test is essential before cataract surgery to ensure that the retina is functioning well enough to justify surgery, as removing the cataract won’t restore vision if the retina is damaged.
• Slit-lamp examination: A slit-lamp is a special microscope used to provide a detailed view of the eye’s structures, including the cornea, lens, and iris. It allows the vet to determine the size, location, and severity of the cataract, helping in making treatment decisions.
• Blood tests: Blood work is often necessary to rule out underlying health conditions such as diabetes, which is a common cause of cataracts in dogs. Managing systemic health conditions is critical before proceeding with cataract treatment, especially if surgery is being considered.
• Tonometry: This test measures the pressure inside the eye, which helps rule out glaucoma, a condition that can accompany cataracts. Elevated eye pressure can cause further damage and needs to be addressed before any cataract treatment can proceed.

Treatment Options for Cataracts in Dogs

• Phacoemulsification surgery: This is the most common and effective surgical treatment for cataracts in dogs. During the procedure, the cloudy lens is broken up using ultrasound waves and then removed. An artificial lens is usually implanted to restore vision. This surgery requires specialized veterinary care and has a high success rate.
• Anti-inflammatory eye drops: If surgery isn’t an option, your vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory eye drops to reduce discomfort and prevent complications such as uveitis. These drops can help manage symptoms but won’t stop the cataract from progressing.
• Oral medications: In cases where cataracts are accompanied by inflammation or infection, oral medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics may be prescribed to control the symptoms and improve eye health.
• Vision aids: For dogs that are not candidates for surgery, vision aids like harnesses with guiding tools can help them navigate their surroundings. Keeping their environment consistent and predictable is also key to helping them adjust to vision loss.
• Monitoring: If cataracts are small or slow-growing, the vet may recommend regular monitoring to check for changes in size or complications like glaucoma. Frequent follow-ups ensure that any sudden changes are detected early.

Can Cataracts in Dogs Be Prevented?

• Regular veterinary check-ups: Routine vet visits are crucial for early detection of health conditions that could lead to cataracts, such as diabetes or eye inflammation. Early diagnosis and treatment can help delay or prevent cataract formation.
• Eye protection: Dogs at risk of eye injuries, such as those engaging in rough play or exposed to hazards, may benefit from protective eyewear. Reducing the risk of trauma to the eyes can help prevent cataracts caused by injury.
• Nutritionally balanced diet: A diet rich in antioxidants like vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acids, and lutein can support overall eye health. Consult your vet about appropriate dietary supplements that may reduce the risk of cataracts in your dog.
• Frequent eye examinations: For breeds genetically predisposed to cataracts, regular eye exams are essential for early detection. Vets can identify early signs of cataracts or other eye issues and recommend appropriate interventions before the condition worsens.
• Maintain general health: Managing your dog’s overall health, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can slow the progression of age-related cataracts. Keeping chronic conditions like diabetes under control is also vital in cataract prevention.

Living with Cataracts: What Pet Parents Should Know

If surgery isn’t an option or the cataracts aren’t severely affecting your dog’s vision, there are ways to manage the condition. Dogs are incredibly resilient and can adapt to vision loss over time. Simple changes, like keeping your home layout consistent and providing verbal cues, can help your dog navigate their environment with ease.

• Home adjustments: Create a safe and accessible home environment for your dog by removing obstacles, keeping pathways clear, and using non-slip rugs to prevent accidents. Consider installing ramps or using soft barriers to guide your dog in areas where they struggle with vision.
• Routine: Maintaining a consistent routine helps dogs with cataracts navigate their environment more comfortably. Avoid rearranging furniture or changing the layout of their living space, as familiar surroundings are easier to navigate.
• Low-vision aids: Harnesses designed for visually impaired dogs can help them feel more confident while walking. Bells on collars of other pets or family members can also help your dog locate them through sound.
• Monitor for discomfort: Even after cataract diagnosis, watch for signs of eye discomfort, such as pawing at the eyes, increased redness, or tearing. These could indicate secondary issues like glaucoma or uveitis, which need immediate attention.
• Prevent further complications: Regular vet visits are essential to monitor for complications such as glaucoma or retinal detachment. Early intervention is key to managing any additional issues that may arise from cataracts.

FAQs 

1. Can cataracts in dogs be removed? Yes, cataracts in dogs can be removed surgically through phacoemulsification, a procedure with a high success rate.

2. Is cataract surgery painful for dogs? The surgery itself is not painful due to anesthesia, but there may be some post-operative discomfort. Vets prescribe medications to manage this.

3. Are all dogs candidates for cataract surgery? Not all dogs are candidates. A thorough evaluation by a veterinary ophthalmologist is required to determine if your dog is a good fit.

4. Can cataracts in dogs cause blindness? Yes, untreated cataracts can lead to complete blindness, especially if complications like glaucoma arise.

Cataracts don’t have to mean the end of your dog’s quality of life. By staying vigilant and consulting your vet regularly, you can manage the condition and ensure your beloved pet continues to thrive.

Team Supertails