Fish are considered a fortune by many pet parents, and this mindset has compelled many parents to keep fish at home. Fish are very delicate creatures; parenting a fish is more than just keeping it in a tank; it requires proper care, feeding, water changes, and many more of which most parents are unaware. Not a lie that those gentle sways of fins, the vibrant colors, and the tranquil underwater landscape can bring a sense of peace and fascination to your home but this comes with proper care and attention.

We heard a lot of buzz on the internet to have a proper guide on how to take care of aquarium fish , and if that is so, how can we be late on this. Here is the comprehensive 8 easy step guide to take the best care of the fish. Follow up now.

Things will change when you know which fish is the best for your aquarium. Well, you got plenty of exotic species options in the market that can allure you. Still, beginners should focus on hardy and forgiving fish that are more tolerant of minor fluctuations in water parameters. If you are on a fish-keeping journey for the first time, it is better to get a fish that is easy to care for, easy to feed, and easy to handle. This can be a subtle but good start. Once you learn about proper handling, then you can shift to fishkeeping a good species of fish. 

So, as we all know, there are two types of fish: one living in freshwater and one living in saltwater. Before embarking on the journey of fishkeeping, one must decide whether to set up a freshwater or a saltwater aquarium for the fish to live in. While both types offer unique beauty and fascinating inhabitants, they differ considerably in their complexity, cost, and maintenance requirements.

Freshwater Aquariums

These aquariums are made to mimic natural habitats like lakes, rivers, and ponds. These types of aquariums need basic equipment like tanks, filters, heaters, substrate, and decorations that tend to be affordable and easy to care for. Made to keep freshwater fish, it does not require regular water changes and can withstand minor fluctuations in water parameters. Also, as these tanks have waters that have a low concentration of dissolved salts, that’s why maintaining water temperature, pH, and the levels of nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate) is easy for beginners to grasp.

Saltwater Aquariums

These aquariums are made to replicate marine environments like oceans and coral reefs. Made to keep saltwater fish, this tank requires extra care and attention. The equipment needed to set up this aquarium is expensive and is less available. You'll need a refractometer or hydrometer to measure salinity, potentially a protein skimmer to remove organic waste, and often more sophisticated lighting, especially for reef tanks. The cost of the aquarium salt mix itself adds to the expense. Also, the maintenance routines are complex and demand more diligence. These tanks are not recommended for beginners as it can be hard to handle and cost a lot. 

It might be chances that the parent who is trying fishkeeping for the first time might get attracted to saltwater fishes due to their alluring look, but when it comes to the question of “ how to take care fish tank”, things get hard. That is why it is always recommended to go for freshwater fish for the first time. 

Here are the reasons:

• Lower Initial Cost: These types of aquariums allow you to get started without a significant financial burden. It is easy to buy these aquariums, and after costs are also less and affordable.

• Simpler Setup and Maintenance: This reduces the chances of early frustration and increases the likelihood of success. You do not need to spend a lot on maintenance and after-service charges.

• More Forgiving Environment: Minor mistakes in water parameters are less likely to have catastrophic consequences compared to saltwater systems.

• Wide Variety of Hardy and Interesting Fish: Provides ample opportunity to enjoy the beauty and personality of pet fish.

• Easier to Learn the Fundamentals: It builds a strong foundation in basic aquarium care principles that can be applied to more advanced systems in the future if desired.

 Read More: Types of Fish Food: Pros and Cons of Different Options  

Just like you want a perfect house to live in, then why not give a perfect tank to a perfect house? Think of your fish tank as a miniature ecosystem, a self-contained world for your aquatic pets. Just like any habitat, it needs to be set up correctly to provide a stable, safe, and thriving environment. When you buy a fish tank, there are many things that you have to take care of. Let’s discuss it

Have you ever thought why people always buy big tanks for those small fishes? The size and shape of your aquarium are more important than you might initially think. It's not just about aesthetics; it directly impacts the water quality and the well-being of your fish. The more space your fish will have to swim, the more stress-free life it will lead.

• Volume Matters

Bigger tanks typically provide enhanced stability. A larger volume of water is more efficient at diluting waste materials, which results in slower and less severe changes in water parameters such as temperature and pH levels. This stability is particularly advantageous for beginners who are still acquiring the skills needed to care for their aquarium. It is advisable to aim for a tank that holds at least 10 gallons for a small community of fish. Smaller tanks, particularly those under 5 gallons, can be quite difficult to maintain with stable water conditions and are usually only appropriate for a single Betta fish or very small, low-waste species.

• Consider Adult Size

Whenever you decide to buy a fish tank, always research your fish species first. Find out the adult size of the fish and then decide to buy one. Overcrowding a fish tank can be the main reason for stress and diseases. Ensure that the chosen tank can accommodate your full-grown fish. You can follow a common guideline, and that is “inch per gallon.” But remember to prioritize the specific needs of your fish.

• Shape Consideration

Shape plays a major role in a fish's life; a good tank shape allows the fish to swim properly and also provides an area for gas exchange at the water's surface. The most common shape that every parent uses is the

When you buy a house, you also need other equipment to make it habitable. Just like it when you buy a aquarium, there are other things also that is needed to make it habitable. It is very important to mimic the aquarium environment like natural water bodies to make it sustainable and habitable, and for that, parents will need different equipment. They are:

• The Aquarium Filter: Filters are an essential part of an aquarium. Just as we clean our house every day, these filters work in the same way. Their work is to keep the aquarium environment habitable and the water clean. There are three types of filters.

1. Mechanical Filters: These filters are used to remove particulate matter like fish waste and uneaten food from the tank, which keeps the water clear.

2. Chemical Filters: It uses media like activated carbon to remove dissolved organic compounds, odors, and medications. It removes the waste product chemically and keeps the water clean. 

3. Biological Filters: These filters provide a surface area for bacteria to colonize. It helps those good bacteria to perform a nitrogen cycle that converts toxic ammonia and nitrate into less harmful nitrate. You can get filters in the market according to your tank size.

• Heater: The temperature of the natural habitat in which these fishes live is different from the temperature of the water in the tanks. Most of the fishes that are being kept in aquarium are tropical and require a specific range of temperature to live in. The temperature can lie between 22-28°C. So, these aquarium heaters with an adjustable thermostat are used to maintain the temperature of the tank.

• Thermometer: It is essential to keep a check on the temperature of the water regularly. This reduces the risk of sudden increases or decreases in the temperature of the tank, which could lead to the death of the fish. A reliable aquarium thermometer, which can be a digital one or glass that adheres to the inside of the tank, is a common option.

• Substrate: The Base: Consider it as the base of the aquarium that covers the bottom. It serves many functions, such as aesthetics, anchorage for plants, and surface area for good bacteria. It can even be useful for those fishes who have references for digging or sifting for food. The common substrate for the base can be sand, gravel of different shapes and sizes, or specialized plants.

• Decorations and Hiding places : Decorating your tank with things like rocks, driftwood, caves, and artificial plants can mimic the natural habitat, which can be crucial for creating a comfortable and stimulating environment in the tank. Those hiding places can act as a stress-free environment and can be enriching.

 Read about other pet too: Hamster Care for Beginners in India: A Complete Handbook  

Now, you are at the position where you have bought the fish, got the aquarium, and the essential things needed for an aquarium. It is time for you to set up those aquariums. A house needs several steps to be built, and so does an aquarium tank. Let’s go step by step to build an underwater world for your pet fish.

1. Choose a Stable Location 

I am sure you don’t want to keep it in a place where there is always a chance of falling or breaking. The aquarium is mostly made up of glass, which can break and hurt others upon falling. So, to prevent this from happening, better to choose a place that is safe and stable. Considerably choose a high rising place that is away from the children, this will provide a safe environment, will restrict direct sunlight and will also look good around your house.

2. Add Substrate and Decorations

Once the place is ready, it is time for you to set up the substrate and do the decorations. A substrate is an essential part of an aquarium as it provides a base and aesthetics. Carefully place the substrate evenly on the bottom of the tank and then decorate the tank to make it enriching and appealing.

3. Install Equipments

Once done with the substrate and decorations, it is time for you to install the equipment. Place filter, heater, and thermometer in the tank according to manufacturer’s instructions. While installing, remember to install it in order; don’t keep the heater and thermometer close to each other as it will affect the thermometer reading. Position the filter to promote good water circulation throughout the tank.

4. Fill the Dechlorinated Water

Once the setup is done. It’s time to fill the tank with water. If you are using tap water, it is better to treat it properly before putting fish into it. Fish are usually allergic to water, and this can cause death. Or you can directly use dechlorinated water if you find it in the market.

5. Turn on Equipment

Once your setup is done, it’s time for you to plug in and start all the equipment and let the tank’s water heat up or cool down according to the recommended temperature. Check the thermometer, and once everything is set, put your fish in the tank. Finally, your underwater world is ready.

Once the tank is ready and good to go, it is time to gradually expose it to the new home. Mostly, fish are kept or sold in small jars or plastic bags for convenience. Because of being there for a long period, fish get used to the water temperature, surroundings, and its limited area. So, certain steps should be followed before introducing them to a new environment.

• Float the Bag: It is recommended to first float the sealed bag containing your fish in the aquarium for about 15-20 minutes. This will allow the temperature in the bag to equalize with the tank water. This will give the fish a chance to adapt to the water temperature.

• Gradually Acclimate: Once the fish has gotten used to the water temperature, it is time to make it use to the water parameter. For this start adding the tank water in the bag slowly in small quantities. Repeat this for approx. one hour. This will allow your fish to adjust to the new water parameters.

• Release the fish: Once your fish is set to release, gently tilt the bag and allow your fish to swim out of it. Do not pour the water from the bag, as it can contain impurities. Just allow the fish to get out of it.

Congratulations, pet parents, you have now come to a place where you are certified as a fishkeeper. But your work doesn’t end here. Just think this it in a way that now is the time to grow your pet healthy and happy. So, to follow that, here are the recommended steps:

Feeding Your Fish: Quality and Moderation

When it comes to feeding a fish, many get confused about what to feed them, what things they eat, etc. One of the biggest mistakes that you should avoid making is giving them foods that you eat. No, fish don’t eat those foods that we eat; in fact, those foods will contaminate the tank and can make it uninhabitable. Here are the steps that you can follow:

• Feed the Right Food: There are several fish foods in the market that are specially formulated for your fish species and their dietary needs. You can buy flakes, pellets, frozen foods, and live foods for your fish.

• Feed Sparingly: We know that you love your pet fish a lot and never want to make them feel hungry. But it is very crucial to understand that it is not necessary to overfeed your fish. It can degrade the water quality and can also create problems for fishes. Feed only an amount that your fish can consume in a few minutes, once or twice a day.

• Observe Feeding Behaviour: Once your fish is done eating, look for any uneaten foods left at the bottom of the tank; if there, remove them as soon as possible. This can contaminate the tank. Also, you can look at your fish-eating behaviour, which will determine their health.

 Learn More About Fish Food:  Understanding Fish Food: A Key to Fishkeeping Success

Performing Regular Water Changes: Refreshing the Environment 

Every parent has this myth that we have to replace the water in the tank. Well, yes, it is necessary. But there has always been a catch. To keep the good bacteria and replace the essential nutrients, vets recommend replacing a certain amount of water. Let’s discuss this.

• How Often and How Much: It is recommended to perform partial water changes of about 20%-25% of water at least once a week. This helps remove nitrates and replenish essential minerals.

• Use Dechlorinated Water: The tap water that we use and the water in which a fish can survive are different. Vets always recommend using dechlorinated water. You can dechlorinate tap water by using a water conditioner before adding it to the tank.

• Use a Gravel Vaccum: While you are changing the water, you can also opt for base cleaning of the tank. For that, instead of doing it with the hand, you can use gravel vacuum, which suck the debris and waste from the substrate.

Maintaining a Clean and Healthy Aquarium: Beyond the Basics

With the fish and water, you also have to take care of the aquarium tank. You can’t ignore it because any change in the filter can disrupt the environment of the aquarium. So, follow these steps:

• Regular Cleaning: Not to go very precise, you can use a normal damp clothes to clean the outer glass of the tank. There are chances that algae can accumulate on the inside of the glass. Use an algae scraper to remove the algae from there.

• Filter Maintenance: It is important to keep an eye on filter maintenance. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning or replacing filter media. It is recommended to clean the filter once a month. Also, do not clean all filter media at once, as this can disrupt the beneficial bacteria colony.

• Algae Control: The Overgrowth of algae can be dangerous. As algae can restrict the sunlight from coming into the tank, it can create an imbalance in the tank. While normal growth is ok, excessive growth can be harmful. Use an algae scraper to remove algae from the water. Factors that can contribute to excessive growth of algae can be:

  • Excessive Light

  • Nutrients.

Monitoring Water Parameters: The Invisible Indicators of Health 

As we all know, fish can’t survive in normal water. It needs some essential nutrients to survive. Regularly testing your water parameters is crucial for maintaining a healthy environment for your fish. Aim to test at least once a week using a reliable aquarium water test kit . Here are the things that you have to take care of:

• Temperature: Keep the temperature within the ideal range for your specific fish species.

• pH: The acidity or alkalinity of the water. Most freshwater fish prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH.

• Ammonia (NH3): Should always be 0 in a cycled tank.

• Nitrite (NO2-): Should always be 0 in a cycled tank.

• Nitrate (NO3-): Should be kept at a low level through regular water changes (typically below 20-40 ppm).

 Read about other pets too: Hamster & Guinea Pig Nutrition: Understanding the Basics  

There are certain scenarios where no matter how good you take care of the fish, it will get some diseases or problems. It is evident, and you can avoid it. But what you can avoid is making it worse. Always learn to recognize the early signs of common fish diseases. This will help you to be proactive and help you to take important steps before it is too late. Here are the common problems that your fish can suffer:

• White spots on the body or fins (Ich)

• Cloudy eyes

• Frayed or clamped fins (Fin Rot)

• Lethargy or loss of appetite

• Swollen abdomen

If you suspect your fish are sick, research the potential disease and consider isolating the affected fish in a quarantine tank for treatment. Always consult reliable sources or a veterinarian experienced in aquatic animals for diagnosis and treatment advice. 

Apart from basic needs some things can be used to enrich the environment of the fish. It will help the fish to live a stress-free life and motivate them to engage in natural behaviours. You can enrich their habitat by using:

• Live Plants: These plants not only enhance the aesthetics of your tank but also help oxygenate the water and provide hiding places. But is is necessary to provide sunlight to them to keep them alive.

• Appropriate Tank Mates: If you are keeping a community tank, ensure that the species are compatible in terms of temperament and water parameter requirements. Avoid housing aggressive fish with peaceful ones.

• Varied Decorations: Offer different types of decorations that provide shelter and visual interest. You can use rocks, gravel, and sand to decorate the tanks.

• Gentle Water Flow: Some fish prefer a gentle current, which can be achieved with proper filter placement or the addition of a powerhead.

Caring for fish is a rewarding experience that brings a slice of nature into your home. By following the guidelines in this ultimate guide and committing to regular maintenance and observation, you can create a thriving aquatic environment for your finned companions. Welcome to the wonderful world of fishkeeping.

How to take care of a fish in a bowl?

While keeping a fish in a small bowl might seem simple, providing a healthy and thriving environment requires more than just water. Generally, bowls lack the necessary filtration, stable temperature, and adequate space that most fish need to thrive. Without a filter, harmful waste products like ammonia build up quickly, poisoning the fish. The small water volume in a bowl also leads to rapid fluctuations in temperature and water parameters, stressing the fish and making them susceptible to disease. Very small species like some types of shrimp or snails, might tolerate a small, carefully maintained bowl.

How do I take care of a goldfish?

Start with a tank that is at least 20 gallons for a single goldfish, with an additional 10 gallons for each subsequent goldfish, to allow for their growth and waste production. Equip the tank with a filter capable of handling the tank's volume to maintain water quality by removing debris and establishing beneficial bacteria for the nitrogen cycle. Regular partial water changes (around 25% weekly) using dechlorinated water are crucial to keep nitrate levels low and the water fresh. Feed your goldfish a high-quality goldfish-specific flake or pellet food once or twice a day, offering only an amount they can consume in a few minutes to avoid overfeeding and water pollution. Observe your goldfish regularly for any signs of illness, such as changes in behavior, appetite, or physical appearance.

How to take care of a baby betta fish?

Maintaining pristine water quality is paramount, necessitating frequent, small water changes (daily or every other day) with properly aged and dechlorinated water to prevent ammonia and nitrite buildup, which are highly toxic to young Bettas. They require a diet of very small, live foods like newly hatched brine shrimp or microworms multiple times a day, as their rapid growth demands constant nutrition. The water temperature should be consistently kept in the higher end of the typical Betta range, around 78-82°F (25-28°C), using a reliable heater. Gentle filtration, often achieved with sponge filters to avoid harming the tiny fry, is essential. Gradual introduction to new foods and careful monitoring for signs of illness or developmental issues are also crucial during this vulnerable stage.