We all know how our pets can sometimes just not be themselves. Maybe your dog stopped playing, or your cat isn’t eating much. You tend to think it’s age, bad weather, or just having a bad day. But sometimes it can be something more serious, and one of those serious problems could be cancer.

We, Supertails, get it—‘cancer’ has a scary ring to it. It’s a scary word for anybody, pets included. But here’s the thing we hardly hear in the news: Cancer is very common in pets. Nearly half of all pets over the age of 10 will get some form of cancer. For dogs, about 1 in 4 will have to deal with cancer throughout their life; that’s a huge number. Cats aren’t that far behind, either.

So, what is cancer anyway? It is when cells in the body grow out of control. They do not stop growing like they should. They clump together to make a lump, which is called a tumor. Some tumors do not leave the primary site, but others may spread. That is where the problem becomes more serious.

But there’s no need to panic yet. Many cancers are treatable, and a few are even curable, particularly when detected early. This is why it is crucial to recognize abnormalities and take prompt action. A seemingly small change in your pet—weight loss, not eating, swelling, lethargy—may be more than “just nothing.”

If you see anything that does not seem right, act quickly. Your pet can’t verbalize what is wrong, but their body may be trying to tell you something.

You know, I’ve met a lot of pet parents over the years—some came in for regular check-ups, others walked in with that silent fear in their eyes, hoping it was just a small lump or a weird behavior. But quite often, it turned out to be cancer. And yes, the word itself sounds scary. No denying that.

In India, too, we’re seeing more and more cases where pets—especially dogs—are getting diagnosed with cancer. It’s actually one of the top reasons older pets pass away. Roughly speaking, out of every four dogs, one is likely to get cancer at some point. Cats also get it, just not as often.

But here’s something important I always tell pet parents—it’s not the end of the road. Not if we find it early. When you catch it on time, many of these cancers can be treated well. Some even go away completely. Your pet still has a chance to live a happy life.

Now, what is cancer? It’s when certain cells in your pet’s body stop following the rules. They grow too fast. They crowd out the healthy ones. Sometimes they stay in one place, and sometimes they move around and harm other areas. That’s what makes it dangerous.

But spotting it early changes everything. Maybe it starts with a small swelling, a change in appetite, or just not acting like themselves. That’s why regular check-ups and staying alert can help so much.

As a pet parent, your gut feeling matters. If you sense something’s off, trust that. Go to your vet. Ask questions. And remember—you’re not alone in this.

Bonus read: The Essential Guide to Keeping Your Dog Healthy and Happy: Tips Every Pet Parent Needs  

In dogs over a certain age, approximately 50% of disease-related deaths in dogs is cancer. Some breeds of dogs are predisposed to certain cancers (dogs tend to be at greater risk for bone cancers) - and some purebred dogs are genetically predisposed to specific kinds of cancer.

The most common types include:

Lymphoma in Dogs: The Most Common Canine Cancer

Canine lymphoma is one of the most common and treatable canine cancers, accounting for up to 24% of all canine cancers. The cancer affects the lymphatic system, which is a vital component of the immune system.

Symptoms of lymphoma in dogs may include swollen lymph nodes (they may feel like firm, rubbery lumps under the jaw, in front of the shoulders, or behind the knees), lethargy, decreased appetite, and possible weight loss. The positive aspect is that most cases of lymphoma in dogs require a form of chemotherapy protocol (most dogs tolerate chemotherapy protocols and report good quality of life) and up to 95% of dogs will achieve remission based on proper treatment.

Mast Tumor Dog Parents Should Know About

So you’re rubbing your dog’s belly or scratching behind their ear like you always do—and suddenly, you feel a small lump. First thought? Maybe it’s a bug bite. Or just fat. That’s common. But here’s the thing. Sometimes, these lumps aren’t so simple. Sometimes, they’re what vets call a mast cell tumor.

Now, don’t let the name scare you off right away. These tumors start in special immune cells—the ones that usually help with allergy-type stuff. The weird part is, they don’t all look the same. Some feel firm like a pea. Others might be soft. Some lose hair. Some turn red. A few just sit there quietly and don’t do anything for weeks.

The real issue? Some of these are mild and don’t do much harm. But others? They can grow fast and spread. That’s why vets usually suggest removing it first with surgery. Just to be safe. If it looks like the risky kind, your vet might also suggest chemo afterward. Not always, but in tougher cases, yes.

For Indian pet parents, especially, where we sometimes tend to wait it out or try home stuff first, it’s better to let your vet check it early. Catching it soon makes treatment easier. And it gives your dog a better shot at staying healthy and happy.

Skin Cancer in Dogs: Detection and Treatment

Skin cancer in dogs typically presents as atypical skin changes or growths, which can vary in size, pigmentation, and texture, from small or scaly patches to larger masses. Early detection of skin cancer in dogs leads to better treatment outcomes, which is why regular inspection of your dog’s skin during grooming or other inspections is valuable.

Certain breeds are more susceptible to developing skin cancers in dogs, especially dogs with white coats or thin coats that spend more time in the sun. Treatment mostly entails surgical removal, and in some instances, radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Quick Read:  A Comprehensive Guide to Skin Allergies in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Tumor in Dogs: Benign vs. Malignant Growths

Just because you find a tumor in dogs does not mean it is cancerous. Many tumors are benign. A "tumor" just means an abnormal growth of tissue and can occur almost anywhere in the body. The main difference is benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, whereas malignant (cancerous) tumors do.

Early detection and removal of a tumor in dogs can greatly improve the prognosis if it is cancerous. If you notice any unusual lumps or bumps on your dog, it is best to have them checked by your veterinarian, who can perform tests to determine whether a tumor in dogs is cancerous.

Cat cancer often presents with subtle symptoms that can be easily missed, making it particularly challenging for pet parents. Cats are masters at hiding illness, an evolutionary trait that served them well in the wild but can delay diagnosis in our homes.

Common forms of feline cancer include:

• Lymphoma - The most common type of cancer diagnosed in cats, most often in the gastrointestinal tract.

• Mammary Tumors - The third most common type of cancer in cats, with 85% being malignant.

• Skin Cancer - Overall, skin cancer in cats can be squamous cell carcinoma, often noted in white cats.

• Oral Tumors - Marked by aggressive cancers that affect the mouth and jaw.

Treatment options available for feline cancer will depend on the type of cancer, location, and stage of the disease. The risk factors associated with feline cancer are important to be knowledgeable of, so they may be prevented or detected early on. For example, spaying a female cat before her first heat cycle greatly reduces her chance of developing mammary cancer.

Don’t miss:  How to Create a Year-Round Cat Care Plan for Your Feline Friend  

Common dog cancer symptoms include unusual lumps, unexplained weight loss, and changes in appetite. Being aware of dog cancer symptoms can help you detect potential problems early, when treatment is most effective.

The top ten warning signs to watch for include:

1. Swollen lymph nodes that feel like firm, rubbery lumps under the jaw or elsewhere

2. Abnormal swellings that persist or continue to grow

3. Sores that don’t heal within a reasonable timeframe

4. Weight loss, despite normal eating habits

5. Bleeding or discharge from any body opening

6. Offensive odor, particularly from the mouth

7. Difficulty eating, swallowing, or breathing

8. Reluctance to exercise or decreased stamina

9. Persistent lameness or stiffness

10. Difficulty urinating, defecating, or breathing

Dog cancer symptoms may vary depending on the type and location of the cancer, so any persistent change in your dog’s health or behavior warrants a veterinary visit.

Cat cancer symptoms can be particularly challenging to detect because our feline friends are so good at hiding discomfort. However, there are subtle changes you might notice:

1. Unexplained weight loss

2. Reduced appetite or difficulty eating

3. Unusual lumps or bumps that persist or grow

4. Changes in bathroom habits

5. Persistent diarrhea or vomiting

6. Bad breath or drooling

7. Decreased energy or interest in play

8. Changes in grooming habits

9. Hiding more than usual

10. Difficulty breathing or persistent coughing

If you notice any of these cat cancer symptoms, especially if they persist for more than a few days, it’s important to consult with your veterinarian. Remember, cats are experts at masking illness, so even subtle changes can be significant.

The methods for dog and cat cancer treatment vary based on the cancer type, stage, and animal overall health. Veterinary oncology has advanced so much in the last few years that there more options than ever before.

Common treatment modalities include:

Surgery

Often, the first line of treatment, surgery, aims to remove the tumor and sometimes surrounding tissue. For many localized cancers, surgery alone can be curative. The cost typically starts around $500 but can reach several thousand dollars for complex procedures.

Chemotherapy

Unlike in humans, pets generally tolerate chemotherapy quite well and experience fewer side effects. Treatment protocols typically span 3-6 months, with costs varying widely depending on the drugs used and treatment duration.

Radiation Therapy

Particularly effective for certain types of cancer, especially those in areas difficult to operate on. A full course of radiation therapy may cost between $2,500-$7,000 and usually requires multiple sessions over several weeks.

Immunotherapy

This newer approach helps the pet’s immune system fight cancer cells and is showing promising results for certain cancer types.

Palliative Care

When a cure isn’t possible, palliative care focuses on keeping your pet comfortable and maintaining quality of life for as long as possible.

The right treatment plan should balance effectiveness with quality of life considerations. You can also support your pet’s recovery with a  prescription diet  recommended by your vet, which helps manage specific conditions alongside medication. Remember, what works for one pet may not be appropriate for another, and your veterinarian will help you navigate these complex decisions.

Receiving a cancer diagnosis for your beloved pet can be overwhelming. Here are some ways to cope and provide the best care:

1. Educate Yourself : Understanding your pet’s specific condition helps you make informed decisions.

2. Build a Support Network : Connect with other pet parents through support groups or online forums.

3. Focus on Quality of Life : Make each day count by focusing on what brings your pet joy.

4. Consider Financial Planning : Look into pet insurance, Care Credit, or specialized foundations that provide financial assistance for pet cancer treatment.

5. Take Care of Yourself : Caregiver fatigue is real. Remember that taking care of yourself helps you better care for your pet.

While not all cancers are preventable, there are steps you can take to reduce your pet’s risk:

1. Maintain a Healthy Weight : Obesity is linked to increased cancer risk in pets.

2. Provide a Nutritious Diet : High-quality nutrition supports overall health and immune function.

3.  Regular Veterinary Check-ups  : Early detection through routine examinations can catch problems before they advance.

4. Spay/Neuter : This reduces or eliminates the risk of certain reproductive cancers.

5. Limit Exposure to Toxins : Be mindful of lawn chemicals, tobacco smoke, and other environmental carcinogens.

6. Know Your Breed’s Risks : Some breeds have genetic predispositions to certain cancers. Knowing these can help with monitoring.

Read on:  Obesity in Pets: Causes, Risks, and How to Help Your Overweight Pet  

Perhaps the hardest part of the cancer journey is knowing when it’s time to say goodbye. This deeply personal decision should be considered:

• Is your pet still enjoying favorite activities?

• Can pain and discomfort be adequately managed?

• Is your pet still eating and maintaining hydration?

• Does your pet still recognize and interact with family members?

• What is your veterinarian’s professional assessment of the quality of life?

Remember, making the decision to let go is often the final act of love we can give our pets. It’s about quality of life, not quantity of days.

While a cancer diagnosis is frightening, there’s also reason for hope. Advances in veterinary medicine mean many pets can enjoy good quality of life even with cancer, and some cancers can be successfully treated or managed for extended periods.

The bond you share with your pet is special, and navigating this journey together—however long or short it may be—can deepen that connection in meaningful ways.

If you’re concerned about cancer in your pet, or if you’ve recently received a diagnosis, remember that knowledge, early detection, and a good veterinary team are your best allies. You’re not alone on this journey, and there are resources and support available to help both you and your beloved companion every step of the way.

How long will a dog live with cancer?

Life expectancy for a dog with cancer varies widely depending on the type, stage, and treatment. Some cancers are aggressive and reduce life expectancy to weeks, while others can be managed for months or even years with surgery, chemotherapy, or palliative care . Early detection often improves outcomes.

What are the signs that a dog has cancer?

Common signs include unexplained weight loss, lumps, swelling, lethargy, changes in appetite, persistent sores, limping, and abnormal bleeding or discharge. Behavioral changes may also occur. These symptoms can be subtle, so routine vet visits are essential for early detection and diagnosis.

Can you treat cancer in dogs?

Yes, many types of cancer in dogs can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy . The effectiveness of treatment depends on the cancer type and stage. Some treatments aim for a cure, while others focus on improving quality of life. Always consult your vet for a tailored plan.

What is stage 4 cancer in dogs?

Stage 4 cancer in dogs indicates that the cancer has metastasized, or spread, to distant organs or tissues. At this stage, a cure is unlikely, but treatments like chemotherapy or palliative care can help manage symptoms and improve comfort. Prognosis is generally poor, and quality of life becomes the priority.

How long do cats live with cancer?

A cat’s life expectancy with cancer depends on the type, location, and progression of the disease. Some cancers are slow-growing and manageable for months or years, while others are aggressive. With early diagnosis and treatment, some cats may live a good quality life for extended periods.

What are the signs of cancer in a cat?

Signs include unexplained weight loss, lumps or swellings, difficulty eating, lethargy, changes in litter box habits, and abnormal bleeding or discharge. Vomiting, diarrhea, or behavioral changes can also occur. Any persistent or unusual symptoms should prompt a veterinary checkup for further evaluation.

Is cancer common in cats and dogs?

Yes, cancer is relatively common in both cats and dogs, especially as they age. It is one of the leading causes of death in older pets. Advances in veterinary medicine have improved detection and treatment, allowing many pets to live longer, healthier lives despite a cancer diagnosis.

Why is cancer in pets so common?

Pets are living longer due to better care, which increases their risk of age-related diseases like cancer. Environmental factors, genetics, diet, and exposure to toxins may also contribute. As with humans, cancer in pets often results from a combination of factors rather than a single cause.